Fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts. Diarrhoea in pigs fed molasses-rich diets was reduced or eliminated by adding an adsorbing fibrous material such as bagasse pith or bran to the diet (Brooks et al., 1967). Asian-Aust. Consensus document on compositional considerations for new varieties of sugarcane (, Pate, F. M. ; Kunkle, W. E., 1989. Inclusion of large amounts of molasses is not always negative: in a study with crossbred steers fed cottonseed meal and hay, including up to 30% molasses (diet DM; 2.8 kg/d DM of molasses) resulted in an increased rate of growth (850 g/d vs. 540 g/d). Caution must be taken when the spring rains begin because if the molasses is diluted it will rapidly ferment into alcohol and may fatally poison the cattle (Pérez, 1995). Components of the juice constitute the major part of this by-product. Hazards Identification Feeding systems for fattening pigs based on diets with final molasses and concentrates with bagasse pith Saccharina. Since it is different in composition from beet molasses, it this work the chemical composition, physical and fermentative properties of "Blackstrap" molasses were investigated. Effects of the level of sugarcane molasses on growth and carcass performance of Caribbean growing pigs reared under a ground sugarcane stalks feeding system. Anim. Molasses-based feeds and their use as supplements for brood cows. Evaluation of cane final molasses in layer rations. Molasses contains some amount of Ca2+because CaO is used for clari・…ation of the sugarcane juice during the sugar production process. Sci., 73: 853-860, Kik, M. C., 1960. Prod. Assessment of molasse-urea blocks for goats and sheep production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies. The net energy of blackstrap molasses for fattening steers as determined by a comparative slaughter technique. Sudan J. Vet. Depression in the efficiency of metabolic energy utilisation for net energy has been observed. Molasses in feeds. In a large feedlot operation, the daily ration/head is calculated as follows: 90 g mineral mix, 250 g fish meal, 6 kg molasses/urea and 10 kg forage. Sci. Composition of molasses variable depending upon classification method, variety of cane, and soil type (Sardar et al. For instance, in temperate areas, 10% molasses is recommended for animals fed energy-rich diets, but it is possible to include up to 15% if the diet contains straw or hay. Sci., 14 (5): 646-650, Chopping, G. D. ; Deans, H. D. ; Sibbick, R. ; Thurbon, P. N. ; Stokoe, J., 1976. The bagasse is the fibrous by-product of sugarcane stalks milled for juice extraction. Feed Sci. The calcium content is quite high (about 0.9% DM) due to the addition of calcium hydroxide during processing. Preston, T. R., 1986. Res. Res. Molasses in beef nutrition. Trop. Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and subtropics. Sci., 86 (6): 1472–1477, Ashwood, A., 2008. The, pH value of obtained molasses was 5.8. Bioagro, 15 (1): 23-30, OECD, 2011. A mature stalk is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3% non-sugars, and 63–73% water. Cuban J. Agric. Some countries, such as Cuba, have developed feeding systems where molasses has a central part. This has been attributed to modifications in the production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen, resulting in reduced fibre digestion and lower forage intake (Granzin et al., 2005). Sci., 34 (1): 133-140, Rostagno, H. S. ; Teixeira, A. ; Donzele, J. L. ; Gomes, P. C. ; De Oliveira, R. F. M. ; Lopes, D. C. ; Ferreira, A. J. P. ; Toledo Barreto, S. L., 2005. Effect of cane molasses and glutamate fermentation and liquor as feed ingredient and feed efficiency of growing fattening pigs. Molasses can be added to grass silage at about 5% (Fuller, 2004). Very high inclusion rates, between 40 and 60%, may depress performance (Rahim et al., 1999) or cause diarrhoea in broilers (Savon et al., 1983). Trop. Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: composition of feedstuffs and nutritional requirements. Sugarcane molasses is one of the most common ingredients of commercial rabbit feeds. Treated organic wastes (33%), dry ration (33%) and B molasses (33%); Protein supplement (53%) and B molasses (47%); B molasses (70%) and Torula yeast cream (30%) (. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 54: 87-102, Unsworth, E. F. ; Osuji, P. O., 1976. Approximately 3 to 7 tons of molasses can be produced from 100 tons of fresh sugar cane (Pérez, 1997). In Egypt, chicks raised on sand or wheat straw and supplemented with 4% molasses gave a better performance than chicks reared on wheat straw only (El-Sagheer, 2006). CAB Books, CABI, Bredon, R. M., 1957. Sci., 24 (): 93-97, Chaudhary, L. C. ; Sahoo, A. ; Neeta Agarwal; Kamra, D. N. ; Pathak, N. N., 2001. Rabbit Res., 15 (B): 1053-1057, Bedingar, T. ; Degefa, G., 1990. However, the high moisture content causes problems of mold after very short term storage. Effects of supplement type and selenium source on measures of growth and selenium status in yearling beef steers. The expressible juice from sugar cane is the precursor of blackstrap or final molasses. Institut de l'Elevage, Linga, S. S. ; Lukefahr, S. D., 2000. Sci., 11: 77-80, Amici, A.; Finzi, A., 1995. Nutritional efficiency depends on the other ingredients included in the blocks (cereal grains or their by-products, oil meals, forages, etc.) Grandma's Molasses is the highest quality, Unsulphured, sun-ripened sugarcane molasses. Rural Dev., 3 (2): 13-16, Doan Thi Gang; Khuc Thi Hue; Dinh Van Binh; Nguyen Thi Mui, 2006. Sugarcane molasses is normally used as a binder but can also partly replace cereal grains in pig diets. Sci., 26 (4): 741-745, Caldwell, D., 2001. During the 1983-1985 famine in Ethiopia, molasses was used as an emergency feed for the survival of breeding cattle (Menbere, 1986). The word molasses comes from the Portuguese word melaço. Cabi Series, CABI, Wallingford, UK, Blair, R., 2011. J. Appl. In India, molasses was added in broiler mash at up to 10% (replacing maize grain) without affecting performance, but adding molasses directly in the drinking water (2-3% v/v) depressed body weight (Reddy et al., 1998). B. ; Bobadilla, M. ; Fernandez, A. ; Encarnacion, J. C. ; Preston, T. R., 1977. Molasses toxicity can be caused by a scarcity of drinking water or a too rapid switch-over to high molasses diet, so a close access to water and progressive adapation are necessary (Pérez, 1995). Food Agric., 30 (4): 429-432, Menbere, H., 1986. University of Florida, IFAS, Circular S-365, Pate, F. M., 1983. The molasses/urea mixture, which represents about 70% of the total diet DM, contains 91% final molasses and 6.5% water. Proceedings of an FAO Expert Consultation held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from 7–11 July 1986, Rahim, A. G. A. ; Eiman, A. T. E. ; El-Bagir, N. M. ; Haseeba, S. A., 1999. Even though molasses is very palatable to pigs, high inclusion rates are not recommended. Effect of type of litter and dietary molasses supplementation on some Dandarawi chick traits under summer season conditions of Assiut governorate. Journées Rech. Unconventional feeding technologies for rabbits in developing countries. Sci., 33 (1): 31-35, Rosenberg, M. M., 1955. J. 11, Mederos, C. M. ; Figueroa, V. ; Ly, J. ; Garcia, A., 1990. Molasses as a drought feed. Brahman Breeders' Association Limited, Brahman News, N°159, Balestra, G. F. ; Amici, A. ; Machin, D., 1992. B., 1998. Sci., 36: 227-230, Dinh Van Binh; Bui Van Chinh; Preston, T. R., 1991. Edited by Harinder P.S. Egyptian Poult. Environ., 8 (1): 1-13, Noblet, J.; Sève, B.; Jondreville, C., 2002. Chemical Composition of Molasses. Silage harvesting, storing, and feeding. When used as an energy feed, for example to replace grain, moderate amounts of molasses are usually recommended (10-20% of the diet DM). Vét., 10 (2-3): 462-464, El-Sagheer, M., 2006. 6. Partially refined sugar retains much of the nutrients of the raw, but the sucrose content is identical to that of white sugar. Final and high-test molasses for broilers. When fed alone to cattle or mixed with only 3% urea, the palatability of molasses was not affected and therefore it should be restricted to 2-3 kg/d. For molasses with a high ash content (14% DM), the main limitation is the risk of diarrhoea, which may occur when molasses exceeds 10, 20 and 30% of the diet (as fed basis) for post-weaning, growing and finishing pigs, respectively. The main producers were Brazil, India, China, Thailand, the United States, Pakistan, Mexico, Indonesia, Australia and the Russian Federation. Cienc. It can be combined with urea, minerals and vitamins to make solids bricks called molasses-urea blocks or multi-nutrient blocks, for instance to supplement low quality diets (see the Molasses/urea blocks datasheet) (Forsberg et al., 2002). Sci., 52: 226-230, Reddy, J. S. ; Yadav, K. R. ; Mandal, A. Technol., 120: 1-16, Gutierrez, L. E. ; da Silva, R. C. M., 1993. Poultry, particularly geese and ducks, can be fattened on liquid diets containing up to 60% DM of molasses, preferably high-test, A or B molasses (Göhl, 1982). Differences in chemical composition and digestibility of beet and cane molasses. The organic matter composition of these Sugarcane Molasses comprises of sucrose 44%, fructose 13%, glucose 10%, betaine-amino acids, etc. Performance of growing rabbits fed, Njidda, A. In 2007, 15.9 million t molasses (from sugar cane and sugar beet) were used to feed livestock. The main users were the United States (1.9 million t), China (1.8 million t), Brazil (1.3 million t), Indonesia, Argentina, India, Mexico, Vietnam, Australia and Iran (FAO, 2011). FAO Animal Production and Health Proceedings. J., 26 (2): 695-712, FAO, 2011. Sugarcane molasses has both nutrients and compounds, which are potential inhibitors of microbial cells. Sauvant, D., Perez J. M., Tran, G.), p. 301, INRA-AFZ, Paris, Nouel, G. ; Espejo, M. ; Sanchez, R. ; Hevia, P. ; Alvarado, H. ; Brea, A. ; Romero, Y. ; Mejias, G., 2003. When molasses accounts for less than 20% of the total DM intake, their carbohydrates contribution tends to be complementary, rather than competitive with the others ingredients of the diets (Preston, 1986). Rome, Italy. Anim. If used as a carrier for higher concentrations of urea, the bitterness of the urea serves as an auto-regulator causing the cattle to consume about 1 kg/d (Pérez, 1995). Molasses or treacle is a thick, syrupy derivative of the juice of the sugarcane plant or the processing of sugar beet. Effects of feeding different levels of sugar cane molasses to broiler chicks: feed intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization and dressing percentage. Effect of different levels of sugarcane molasses on egg production. Due to its sucrose content, it improves the palatability of feeds and can even mask the bitter taste of urea (Blair, 2007). Due to its laxative effect, molasses can be used at 10 to 20% of the diet to correct problems of constipation in sows at farrowing time (Blair, 2007). A synthetic medium with a similar composition to sugarcane molasses. Verlag Dr. Albert Martens KG, Berlin, 1005 p. Xandé, X. ; Archimède, H. ; Gourdine, J. L. ; Anais, C. ; Renaudeau, D., 2009. In Bengladesh, molasses was included at up to 5% (replacing wheat grain) in the diet of laying pullets with no effect on growth and laying performance (Rahman et al., 1991). In this study sugar cane molasses (SCM) and sugar beet molasses (SBM) were investigated for their phenolic profile and in vitro antioxidant capacity and for their protective effect in human HepG2 cells submitted to oxidative stress. Avic., 24 (1): 37-40, Mudunuru, U. ; Lukefahr, S. D. ; Nelson, S. D. ; Flores, D. O., 2008. High-test molasses had a limited laxative effect (Castro et al., 1990; Figueroa et al., 1990a; Mederos et al., 1990; Gonzalez et al., 1993; Diaz et al., 2002). FAO Animal Production and Health Paper - 132. The stems grow into cane stalk which, when mature, constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. The symptoms of molasses toxicity are reduced body temperatures, weakness (animals have difficulty standing up), rapid breathing and even blindness (Pérez, 1995; Preston, 1986). Molasses can depress performance in comparison to isoenergetic grain-based concentrates, and reduction in milk yield or milk fat yield has been observed in cows fed 15 to 22% (diet DM) molasses (Granzin et al., 2005). Molasses supplementation generally increased lactation length and the percentage of non-fat solids in the milk (Chopping et al., 1976). Feed efficiency decreased at 30% but was still higher than for the control diet (Sharma et al., 1973). 15 of those producers were located in tropical areas and accounted for 44 million t, which can be assumed to be sugarcane molasses. Early research showed that sugarcane molasses could be used up to more than 30% in broiler diets. Sci., 8 (4): 337-342, Kalmbacher, R. S. ; Brown, W. F. ; Pate, F. M., 1995. However, in tropical regions, liquid supplements formulated with urea can be less expensive and economically advantageous (Kalmbacher et al., 1995). agric. In cane molasses, only 2/3 of the sugar content consists of sucrose, unlike beet molasses where the sugar is mostly sucrose (Leclerc, 2003). Small amounts of molasses in a roughage-based diet stimulate rumen fermentation and the rumen cellulolytic potential is maintained or improved with low quality forage diets. Revista Cubana de Ciencia Agricola, 4 (2): 111, Pérez, R., 1995. Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry. The processing of sugarcane in a large scale industry for the production of sugar is shown in Figure 1. Further studies on the nutritional improvement of rice. Molasses can be produced from citrus, wood sugar, sugar beet and sugarcane. Pérez, 1995 has described the different molasses as follows: Sugarcane molasses is also used for alcohol production (rhum or fuel ethanol) and the distillery process yields vinasses that can also be used in animal feeding. Intake and digestibility of nutritional blocks for rabbits, composed by three forage plants from semiarid habitats as compared to Neonotonia wightii. Molasses can be a good source of vitamins such as pantothenic acid, choline and niacin (Blair, 2007). Ileal and total digestibility studies in pigs fed molasses type A or starch diets supplemented with torula yeast or soybean meal. Successes and failures with animal nutrition practices and technologies in developing countries. For example it was used in 93 out of 95 French commercial feeds studied by Lebas et al., 1984. Molasses is deficient in nitrogen and, therefore, N supplementation is often required to optimize rumen fermentation and to provide by-pass protein to balance the nutrients available for the animal's metabolism. A commercial beef fattening system, developed and used in Cuba since the 1970s, is based on free-choice final molasses mixed with 3% urea, restricted fish meal or another protein source, restricted forage (3% LW) and a free-choice mineral mix of 50% dicalcium phosphate and salt. Nitrogen supplementation is not always required. The results show that high proportions of dietary molasses can be efficiently used by rabbits. A. ; Igwebuike, J. U. ; Ngoshe, A. with sugar beet molasses, is explainable due to the fact that the reducing sugars are more represented in the trunk of the sugarcane plant, and also have the lowest quality extraction processes used in the producing countries [6]. Sci., 27: 177-181, Granzin, B. C. ; McDryden, G., 2005. The incorporation level was generally comprised between 3 and 5%. In Sudan, broilers fed 11 and 12% molasses in the starter and finishing rations respectively, in substitution for sorghum grain, performed similarly to birds fed the control diet. Molasses. 3. Sci., 79 (5): 1313-1321, Sanchez, M. ; Preston, T. R., 1980. Rech. Beet and cane molasses. Source and level of energy supplementation for yearling cattle fed ammoniated hay. The main purpose of using sugarcane or beet molasses in commercial rabbit feeds is to improve the pelleting process and the palatability of pellets. Introduction Molasses varies by amount of sugar, method of extraction, and age of plant. Sugarcane molasses is primarily used for sweetening and flavoring foods in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. A daily intake of 2.5 mg of supplemental Se from sodium selenite or selenite yeast sources would be needed for cattle consuming sugarcane molasses (Arthington, 2008). Molasses composition highly varies and depends on cane varieties, climate and processes. Effect of partial replacement of wheat by rice polish and molasses on the performance of laying pullets. Research Article Development of Sugar Cane Molasses in Formulations of Madeleines, Mini Croissants, and Buns Incorporated with Interesterified Oil AnisChikhoune, 1,2 FatihaBedjou, 3 SabrinaOubouzid, 2 RosaBoukefoussa, 2 BilalBechri, 2 HouriaTarmoul, 2 ToufikAbdeladim, 4 AbderrahmaneTounsi, 4 MouradHamitri, 4 SaidChikh, 4 andLouizaKouadri 4 Organic Materials … B. ; Brown, W. F. ; Martin, F. G. ; Bates, D. B., 2001. In molasses-rich diets with cows grazing succulent pastures, scouring and bloating may occur (Ashwood, 2008). In ruminants, molasses is fed as a supplement to poor quality roughage, for example during periods of feed scarcity. We bring forth to the customers our extensive range of Sugarcane Molasses. Feed values and feeding potential of major agro-byproducts. However, it is poor in phosphorus (less than 0.1% DM) and supplementation may be required. Although molasses can completely replace cereals in a beef feedlot operation, such is not the case with milk production, particularly with high producing dairy cows. Molasses toxicity in cattle: rumen fermentation and blood glucose entry rates associated with this condition. Molasses as animal feed: an overview. The ME content of sugarcane molasses is about 12.5-13.5 MJ/kg DM (Noblet et al., 2002; Figueroa et al., 1990b; Rostagno et al., 2005), which represents 78-84% of the ME of maize expressed on a DM basis but only 66-74% of that value when expressed on a fresh matter basis. Effect of replacing grain with deoiled rice bran and molasses from the diet of lactating cows. Variable animal responses have been observed at these levels, depending on the relative proportions of the other diet ingredients (forage:concentrate ratio, starch content, etc.). The crude protein equivalent is about 6%, half of which is non-protein N (Pérez, 1997; Le Dividich et al., 1978). Poult. Anim. Total substitution of corn by high-test sugarcane molasses in broilers. Lower inclusion rates (less than 25% DM) generally seem preferable, for both practical and economic reasons (Göhl, 1982; Rosenberg, 1955). Indian J. Anim. Raw materials utilization and feeding techniques: new contributions in the 9th World Rabbit Congress. Relations between components. Molasses usually fed to animals is a liquid viscous product containing 70-75% DM. Horses can be fed 1.5-2 kg/d molasses (about 10-15% of the diet DM) (Leclerc, 2003). Sci., 19: 392, Lofgreen, G. P. ; Otagaki, K. K., 1960. Prod., 11: 481-484. Composition and Process A by-product of sugar factories in countries growing sugar cane and/or sugar refineries processing raw sugar cane. Les aliments du bétail sous les tropiques. Rumen parakeratosis may also occur in animals fed high levels of molasses (Pate, 1983). Sci., 8 (3): 237-240, Valdivie, M. ; Gabel, M. ; Hackl, W. ; Hidalgo, K. ; Dieppa, O. ; Febles, M., 2004. Molasses is free of fat and fibre with a low nitrogen content. Sugarcane molasses is a rich source of minerals. Cuban J. Agric. Competition between the faster-growing amylolytic bacteria in the rumen and cellulolytic micro-organisms results in a decrease in the number of cellulolytic micro-organisms present, leading to a reduction in fibre digestion. Res., 15, 9–16, 0.25-0.5 kg/d for animals up to 200 kg LW, In some countries the juice is extracted in a simple animal or mechanically driven press, then boiled in open vats. CABI Publishing Series, 606 pp, Garg, A. K. ; Pathak, N. N., 1983. Effect of processing on the nutritional value of feeds. Is normally used as a supplement to poor quality roughage, for example it was used in 93 of... Because molasses undergoes several processing steps in sugar cane is the fibrous by-product of raw sugar. Steg, A., 1978 cane and/or sugar refineries processing raw sugar cane milling, composition. A synthetic medium with a low nitrogen content sugar beet and sugar and! Traits under summer season conditions of Assiut governorate of energy cane contains 9.8 % sugars. B ): 240-244, Lebas, F. G. ; Bates, D. B., 2009, Arthington J.! Feed scarcity, 1976 ) M. F., 2004 resemble those of white sugar, method of,! Well accepted by rabbits 11–16 % fiber, 12–16 % soluble sugars, %... Aspects affecting the diarrhea of chickens fed molasses B diets and Saccharina.! Extensive range of sugarcane for the production and use of high-test molasses on growth performances cattle., Sansoucy, R., 1974 Van Binh ; Bui Van Chinh ; Preston, R.. Properties of sugarcane stalks feeding system, artificial flavors or artificial colors and fat! Occur in animals which were suffering from molasses toxicity in cattle beet molasses was 5.8, 15.9 t! And final sugarcane molasses, Reddy, J., 1977 rudimentary process, pan ( ). 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Slaughter technique molasses neuro-toxicity and higher volatile fatty acids in sugarcane molasses composition B diets and Saccharina feed primarily used clari・…ation., but also occurs in pigs fed freely on rich molasses, sugar or maize and torula yeast final...: 325-329, Soldevila, M., 1990, a of using sugarcane beet. Of molasse-urea blocks for rabbits, composed by three forage plants from semiarid habitats as to..., first FAO Electronic Conference ( 1995 ), 53: 151-156, Valdivie, M. ; Fernandez A.... Substitution of maize by high-test sugarcane molasses in balanced rabbit diets does not have nutritional.. With earthly caramel-like, non-pungent smell eastern Caribbean and Guyana and their use as supplements for brood.. The molasses composition highly varies and depends on cane varieties, climate and processes supplementation of a roughage diet! United States, Canada, and each step of these processes output specific types of can... And blood glucose entry rates associated with this condition in sub-Saharan Africa to. Van Chinh ; Preston, T. R. ; Peiniau, J., 1989 )., SSAGR177, Florida, IFAS, Circular S-365, Pate, F. G. ; Bates, D. B. 2009! Binding agent in feed mills for rabbits, composed by three forage plants from habitats... L'Elevage, Linga, S. S. ; Talukder, A., 2008 Conference ( 1995 ) institut l'Elevage. When molasses is the chemical composition of molasses 2003 ) Garg et,... Of Oman: intake and lactation effects ingredients of commercial rabbit feeds is to improve nitrogen! Diets, but the complex nature of molasses is a common method to improve nitrogen! And Swine: composition of sugar extraction process and the percentage of non-fat solids in the 9th world rabbit..