“The China border [saw a large amount] of human trafficking even before the conflict,” said Ms May Sabe Tu, a coordinator for the Kachin Women’s Peace Network, referring to the fighting between the government and Kachin Independence Army. [2], The overall extent of forced labour and child labour in China is also unclear in part because the government releases only limited information on the subject according to the report on trafficking issued by the U.S. Department of State. Human trafficking awareness training is available for individuals, businesses, first responders, law enforcement, educators, and federal employees, among others. [2] For example, there were reports that child labourers were found working in brick kilns, low-skill service sectors and in small workshops and factories. The U.S. Department of State has issued a report stating that "Chinese children are forced into prostitution, and various forms of forced labour, including begging, stealing, selling flowers, and work in brick kilns and factories; the children of migrants are particularly vulnerable to trafficking." "[9], The buying and selling of organs is prevalent in the black market of China. Numerous government ministries as well as international and domestic agencies and organisations work to combat trafficking patterns in China. [6], One demographic particularly susceptible to forced labour is children. [14], Another organization called the All-China Women's Federation which is an anti-trafficking education campaign aimed at educating vulnerable women and children to protect themselves against prevailing social and cultural perspectives that propagate human trafficking. Assistant Public Security Minister Zhang Xinfeng argues that to deal with these trends, China’s law enforcement agencies must emphasize prevention and address the social causes of trafficking, draw on the resources of the entire society, and increase international cooperation. The Chinese government ratified the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol in December 2009, which obligates China to prohibit all forms of trafficking and bring its domestic laws into conformity with international standards within 24 months. [2], The Chinese government passed a number of laws against trafficking and smuggling. Senator Chuck Hagel, Chairman of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, presided. [15], The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed their first human rights convention in November 2012 and committed itself to a trafficking agreement in 2014. [5], The main means of trafficking involved: fraud and deception, 37%; kidnapping, 26%; abuse of power or a position of vulnerability, 17%; and physical violence, 5%. There were numerous confirmed reports of involuntary servitude of children, adults, and migrant workers during the reporting period. Many wealthy couples often hire more than one surrogate mother to ensure that eight babies are born because eight is a lucky number in Chinese culture. China's cooperation with the international community in the fight against human trafficking is reflected not only in its efforts to undertake global treaty obligations, but also in a series of bilateral and multilateral cooperation programs and concrete actions it has carried out. [5], In another instance, children in Xinjiang were forced to pick cotton as part of a "work-study" program, according to foreign media reports. Though it primarily manifests itself in the forms of forced labor and modern slavery, human trafficking can also apply to other issues such as sex trafficking, forced criminality and forced organ removal. According to an organ trafficking paper written by Budiani-Saberi and Delmonico, 11,000 transplants were performed in china using the organs of executed prisoners in 2006. However these would benefit from greater collaboration and coordination. [5], Also, in 2016 TongJuBao.com, a collaborative mutual help model (also referred to sometimes as P2P Insurance) launched a Child Safety scheme intended to mobilise the resources of all member to fund professional rapid investigation support (supporting the family and police efforts) in case a child from the community should go missing. Trade marked by abuse, violence and exploitation, largely towards China Myanmar and eventually into countries like Thailand Malaysia! 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